{"id":222,"date":"2017-05-01T12:45:28","date_gmt":"2017-05-01T12:45:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dutch4u.nl\/?page_id=222"},"modified":"2023-05-14T15:04:34","modified_gmt":"2023-05-14T15:04:34","slug":"the-spelling-of-the-verbs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dutch4u.nl\/?page_id=222","title":{"rendered":"The spelling of the verbs – spelling van werkwoorden"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

This is what the finite form looks like in the present tense:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

(The stem of a verb is the form of the verb you get when conjugating the verb it with \u2018I\u2019)<\/span><\/p>
\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stem<\/span><\/td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ik loop (I walk)<\/span>
loop jij? (do you walk?)<\/span><\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Singular<\/span><\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 stem + t<\/span><\/td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 jij\/ u loopt (you walk)<\/span>
hij\/zij\/het loopt (he\/she\/it walks)<\/span><\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Plural<\/span><\/td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 infinitive<\/span><\/td>wij lopen (we walk)<\/span>
jullie lopen (you walk)<\/span>
zij lopen (they walk)<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Exercise finite verb form in the present tense<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>

\u00a0This is what the finite form looks like in the past tense:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>
Strong verbs<\/span>
singular and plural<\/span><\/td>		vowelchange in the stem:<\/span>
ik\/jij\/hij\/zij\/ het liep, wij\/jullie\/zij liepen<\/span>
(I\/you\/he\/she\/it walked, we\/you\/they walked)<\/span><\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0<\/td>The entire stem changes:<\/span>
ik\/jij\/hij\/zij\/het ging, wij\/jullie\/zij gingen<\/span>
(I\/you\/he\/she\/it went, we\/you\/they went)<\/span><\/td><\/tr>
weak verbs<\/span>
plural and singular<\/span><\/td>		stem + de(n)<\/span>
ik\/jij\/hij\/zij\/het gooide, wij\/jullie\/zij gooiden<\/span>
(I\/you\/he\/she\/it threw, we\/you\/they threw)<\/span><\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0<\/td>stem + te(n)<\/span>
ik\/jij\/hij\/zij\/het stopte, wij\/jullie\/zij stopten<\/span>
(I\/you\/he\/she\/it stopped, we\/you\/they stopped)
<\/strong><\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

When the stem ends with one of the following consonants: k, f, s, c, h, p, the past tense is created stem + te(n). In all other cases it\u2019s stem+ de(n). You can remember the consonants by remembering the word kofschip or fokschaap.<\/span><\/p>

Note:<\/span>
With weak verbs such as verven (to paint) and verbazen (to amaze) the de v\u00a0 <\/em>and z <\/em>at the end of the stem change into an f or an s: ik verf <\/em>, ik verbaas.
T<\/em>he past tenses of these verbs, however, are created with stem+de(n) (ik verfde, ik verbaasde), because there\u2019s a z and an n in their infinitives .
<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>

E<\/strong>xercise weak verbs in the paste tense<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>

Exersice strong verbs in the paste tense<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>

Past participles<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Past participles<\/strong> end in \u2013en: gelopen (walked), verdronken (drowned), gesneden (cut). They never change, not even when used as an adject: De geslagen man, (the hit man) het verdronken paard\u00a0(the drowned horse)<\/span><\/p>

Exceptions to this rules are participles ending in \u2013n. When using these participles, write them as short as possible: (vergaan – vergane, gezien – geziene)<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

– Ending in \u2013d or -t : gered (saved), gewit (whitened)<\/span>
When you use such words, place an e at the end of them<\/span>
You then write them:<\/span>
–\u00a0 the way you hear them: het geredde paard (the saved horse), het gewitte plafond (the whitened ceiling)<\/span>
–\u00a0 as short as possible: de gehate dictator (the hated dictator)
<\/strong><\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Present participles<\/strong><\/span><\/p>
A present participle is a verbal that is used as an adjective and in Dutch always ends in \u2013d(e)<\/span>
Examles: zwaaiend(e), lachend(e), fietsend(e), etc. \u2013 waving, laughing, biking<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Exercise present and past paticiples<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>

The<\/strong> infinitive<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

When conjugating a verb, we start with its infinitve form. The infinitve form of a verb is the form you can find in a dictionary. The infinive almost always ends with \u2013en: lopen (to walk), werken (to work), leren (to learn) etc.<\/span><\/p>

Exceptions are: staan (to stand), slaan (to hit), gaan (to go) etc.<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

English verbs<\/strong><\/span><\/p>
English verbs should be conjugated as weak Dutch verbs. That means their past tense is created either stem+te(n) or stem+de(n), depending on whether or not their stem ends in one of the letters of the word \u2018kofschip\u2019<\/span>
Examples with de(n):<\/span>
rugbyde, jogde, tackelde<\/span>
Examples with te(n):<\/span>
faxte, raceteNote: Dutch stems originally never ended in \u2013x. The stems of English verbs ending in \u2013x, should be conjugated stem+te(n), even though the x is not a letter of the word kofschip.<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Exercise English verbs in Dutch<\/a><\/span>
<\/a><\/strong>Miscellaneous exercise 1
<\/a><\/strong>Miscellaneous exercise 2<\/a><\/strong><\/p>